Sleep Benefits Without Bra that Rare Unknown

Sleep is the body literal activity that must be done every day because it helps various organs in order to get back in shape after a long day. After a day of activity, rest his body of work of various organs of the body that took a hard day. Not maybe someone can keep working without a break, because we need the current recovery of the body becomes fresh again is sleeping. in outline, benefits of sleep  is for the recovery of the body and a variety of other health conditions.
Sleep can be defined circumstances in which a person is unconscious and can wake by gunangan or sound stimulation. Sleep is not just a situation that happens sometimes, but as characteristic activities of the activities that are common, but the lack of activity and the level of awareness varies between individuals. So in essence, as is the need to sleep eat that did occur in humans and other living beings.

Benefits of sleep in general
• Assist Regeneration of cells - During sleep, cells in the body occurs replacement of cells that have been damaged with new ones. Sleep optimize the work of the cells in the body.
• Concentration and memory increases - fatigue due to work activity a day can reduce the concentration, and therefore needed to sleep for clicking istirahatkannya. And during sleep growth hormones work. Activity that you do when you are awake before can be maintained by the brain.
• Lowers blood pressure - study showed gelala heart disease, stroke and even symptoms of diabetes can be avoided with a good night's sleep, for six hours every day in adults.
• Reduce stress - People who sleep less, sometimes less control in berkeseharian. Because the body is still feeling leth that accumulate from previous activities.

Sleep Without Bra
Benefits of sleep without a bra is very real for health, there are even some studies that link the use of bra during sleep with breast cancer. Here are some benefits:
• Increases blood circulation to the breast.
• Avoid skin irritation, some tight bra can cause irritation to your skin.
• Avoid potential causes of breast cancer, research is still being conducted and is still being debated. Clear the blood circulation to the breast will be disturbed when you are wearing a tight bra is believed to be one of the causes of breast cancer.
• Avoid sweating during sleep, wearing a bra while sleeping will cause you to sweat especially those who have a rubber material, and quite tight.
Benefits of sleep without a bra is still a debate in the medical world, particularly in connection with cancer. But it is good to wear a bra when sleeping wisely so as not to risk mentioned above.

Tips Wearing Bra when sleep
If you are forced to use a bra while sleeping, it helps you listen to these helpful tips.
1. Use a loose bra
2. Use a bra with a cool material
3. Open the bra hook during sleep
This 3 Tips formed the basis for you to guide the use of a bra during sleep, but it's good if there are no obstacles you remove the bra while sleeping.
In addition to sleep without a bra, indirectly sleeping was also beneficial for the skin to look beautiful glow.

Sleep Benefits For Beautiful Skin
Sleep is also very good for skin health. Here are some benefits:
• Beautify Skin
Beautiful skin can occur for optimal skin cell regeneration. How is it possible if you often sleep late? whereas the process of skin regeneration, optimum when you sleep. Get used to sleep enough each night before 10 and your skin breathe.
• Improve skin elasticity
Benefits of sleep makes the skin resulting in hormone HGH (Human Growth Hormone) which will help the natural elasticity of your skin naturally.
• Prevent Acne
Acne is certainly very disturbing your appearance, because the middle inflamed acne usually plague. Before such a thing happens, start sleeping enough at night. Sleep may help prevent inflammation and insulin resistance, a major cause of acne. Do not forget to wash your face before bed.

Benefits of Cassava Leaves For Health

Benefits of cassava leaves seemed to be no stranger to us, this delicious vegetable is very much popular in various regions in Indonesia. Vegetables that one is already familiar with the tongue of Indonesia, especially those living in rural areas. Cassava plants themselves are plentiful and easy to obtain, which is why the fruit itself or cassava leaves, widely used in the culinary repertoire of the archipelago.

Cassava leaves very familiar as one of the vegetables that arouse the tongue, or by cooking with liquid milk, commonly called cassava leaf vegetable. In addition to cassava leaves popular because it tastes delicious, the benefits of cassava leaves himself no less remarkable. Here we will consider the benefits of cassava leaves, closer.

Nutrient content

Cassava leaf nutrient content is quite varied, as well as other green vegetables, it also has a relatively high fiber content. Here are some of the high nutrient content in cassava leaves.

• Fiber
• Vitamin A, B1
• Carbohydrate
• Essential Amino Acids
• protein

Benefits of cassava leaf alone can we make a referral through nutritional content, but has been circulating in the community at large that the cassava leaves are suitable for the treatment of various diseases and complaints. Some valuable nutrients, tekandung on cassava leaves as vitamin B1, vitamin A, essential amino acids and karboidrat. It certainly makes a very good cassava leaves benefits when consumed as your daily menu.

1. Help Metabolism

Cassava leaves are a source of vegetable protein is very large, it is a kind of plant protein that contains vitamin B. Vitamin B is needed to build the body's cells that will form the enzymes that help the body's metabolism. Sustainable human, in other words cassava leaves helps processes in the body.

2. As Energy Source

The content of various protein or essential amino acids in cassava leaves very helpful providing useful energy for the human body. Essential amino acids in cassava leaves, helps change carbohydrates into energy to be used by the body move. ,

3. Leaves of cassava as a Source of Antioxidants

Cassava leaves is one excellent source of antioxidants to prevent and get rid of free radicals in the body. These free radicals themselves are one cause of dangerous diseases such as cancer and in the field of beauty can lead to premature aging.

4. Formation and Regeneration Body Cells


Essential amino acids contained in the cassava leaves is one of the important sources to maintain and regenerate cells in the human body. Amino acids are proteins that can help in the growth of damaged cells and provide updates to the cells in the body to keep it functioning normally.

5. To Diet

Turns Cassava leaves are also very well be used for diet, high in fiber and protein in it is one of your daily healthy diet.

6. Good For Digestion

Almost everyone knows that fiber vegetables are good for digestion that can help heal the human colon, as well as cassava leaves. Regular consumption of cassava leaves will also give the effect was quite good for our digestion.

7. Replenish Blood

Vegetable cassava leaves are a very potent blood booster adds blood when you're anemic.

Cassava Leaves For Traditional Medicine

The most surprising of cassava leaf properties is its ability to fight and as a remedy for illness complaints. Some diseases, believed to be dealt with by the cassava leaves to reduce misery. Here are:

cure Diarrhea
Prescription medication, take about seven pieces of cassava leaf and then wash clean. Rebusalah cassava leaves with water as much as 800cc. Leave until the water The High 400cc. Drink twice a day, as many as 200 cc per drink. Cassava leaves believed to be effective in helping to reduce diarrhea.

Treatment of rheumatic disease
If you happen to like sore after work, there may be symptoms of arthritis in the body. Treatment solutions, Prepare about 5 pieces of cassava leaves and mix leaves whiting and give the water a bit. Then knead until herb crushed and smeared on the joints pains felt. Use this three times a day.

Benefits of cassava leaves a very big role for the human body, especially for those of you who are affected by anemia. In addition to delicious cassava leaves can also be created as a super tasty vegetables.

Areca nut Fruit Benefits and Side Effects

At first glance nut trees have the same shape as the palm tree, but when looked at closely look very different. Pinang is a type of palm plant, has a high trunk to trunk can reach a height of 25m-shaped slim and straight up.

The leaves are above the base of the stem is similar to a palm tree, but be different leaf stalks are shorter than coconut and have different leaves of coconut course. In addition it also has fruit trees. Fruit move similar to coconut growing this fruit will appear in a tree with roots similar to coconuts but the smaller size of the betel nuts from coconuts. This tree can grow in a tropical environment.

benefits areca nut examples This tree is very famous when on August 17th to coincide with Indonesia's Independence Day usually people take trees to be made means to contest that climbing is a race that uses tree trunks areca nut smeared by oil and then people attempt to climb the slippery areca nut to take the top prize at the top of the trunk.

There is no rule climbing should pack areca nut or not some people choose to use bamboo instead of the nut, but the use of bamboo is very riskkan because the bamboo poles must be contained sections segments and it can mengakibatka injury for participants climbing, selection of stem areca nut is better because the stem is not No segment and seamlessly. areca nut also frequently used by the public as gutters do remove the middle nut and place the appropriate spot be gutters made of areca.

Besides betel nut itself is as one of the ingredients to make a betel, areca benefits have been known since ancient times by our ancestors. Seeing these functions if the nut has health benefits certainly exist because in the betel nut are compounds called arecaidine, arecolidine, guvacoline, and other guracine following are the various benefits of betel nut:

Benefits of areca nut For Humans

Benefits of areca nut For Humans

1.  1.      Coping with dry mouth

People who do not dry mouth chewing usually this is caused by the performance of areca nut makes the salivary glands become out continuously. Saliva will prevent people getting diseases such as dysentery and Sjögren's syndrome.

2.      Strengthen teeth and gums

Iris then chew some betel nut slices that it can strengthen teeth and gums.

3.      Anthelmintic

Set up a quarter of areca nut, ginger half-sized finger, half finger turmeric ,. All of these materials in seized up to honor and then strain the water and drink. The water content of these drinks can overcome worming. It is used also by the chicken farm that the hens breeder worms and can maintain the production of eggs for free with worms.

4.      Treating skin wounds

Search flesh areca nut young then mash until smooth, paste the result of the collision to the injured skin. Do it gradually and continue the wound will quickly heal.

5.      myopic eyes

Chewing betel palms meat da swallow the water it can cope with myopic eyes.

6.      vaginal Tightening

According to Dian gantini a Herbalife said that fruit that has a somewhat sour taste astringent this at say if very good for the recovery of the vagina after childbirth. How to consume it also includes simple way of cooking betel then filter the water and then drink on an ongoing basis after childbirth.

7.      Increase vitality

In addition to vaginal tightening nut was also to increase the ability or virility. Moreover, it can stimulate hormones to increase sex drive for nut, there is a compound that can improve the performance of the heart to make this possible. But should look to consume nut should be restricted as harmful to the body if too excessive.

Side effects

But keep in mind to consume betel nut should be immediately stopped if the disease is in pain is cured. Because believe this fruit has poison in it. Excessive consumption will be harmful to the body in the womb believe can make people with cancer. In addition it nyirih activities that use betel nut in it if the excess will cause anemia against the perpetrators, therefore nyirih activity should stay away from pregnant women. Besides side effects include worsen the condition of people who have high blood pressure or low and make the irregular heartbeat. The content arekaina and arekolina that makes areca nut has poison in it, and both of these compounds are akditif. Therefore, if the disease is in idap should already be lost should immediately stop taking the areca nut.

Indonesia as a country that includes having a lot of areca nut trees make this tree as one of the exporting material with exact destination like India, Bangladesh and Nepal Pakistan. Areca in exports is generally dry conditions can be shaped seeds whole or areca already in the split. In their own country  the betel nut it self also as a base for the manufacture of a kind of candy snacks. Areca fruit when ripe reddish or yellow, the color green betel nut, is not yet ripe. His own oval shape like an egg or oil but small. In addition to Indonesia as a sending country's betel other countries are like Malaysia and Thailand also sell to other countries.

Benefits of Pomegranate For Health

Perhaps many of us who do not know the benefits of pomegranate. Pomegranate is a fruit that comes from the Middle East country, which used to be planted in loose soil but not much water. The fruit has three types, there is a white, red and green. The benefits of pomegranate are also often used for salad diet foods or used as a syrup. As a natural food in general, the benefits of pomegranate are also abundant as well kandunga substance in it.

The content of nutrients that can be given by a pomegranate, a positive effect on health. Some of the benefits of the pomegranate, including:

1. Dental Care

One of the best benefits of the pomegranate is bahwajus pomegranate memilikisifat antibacterial and antiviral that will help to reduce the effects of dental plaque and protect against various diseases of the mouth.

2. Maintain Heart Health

An experiment conducted in 2005 by 45 patients with coronary heart disease showed that pomegranate juice drinks daily were given three months to make the blood flow more smoothly and the heart to a lower risk of heart attack. The study did not say what the results mean for conditions such as heart attack, thus reported positive results can be decreased by chance.

3. Carotid artery stenosis

A good study of 2004 patients with carotid artery stenosis (narrowed arteries) found that a glass of pomegranate juice daily (50 ml) over three years to reduce the damage caused by cholesterol in the arteries, and also reduce cholesterol. However, this effect is not clearly understood to conditions such as stroke.

4. Prevent Prostate Cancer

One small study in 2006 found that drinking 227 ml of pomegranate juice daily will significantly slow the progress of prostate cancer in men with recurrent prostate cancer. , But further research is needed to find evidence to support these findings.

5. Coping with Stomach Disorders

Peel the pomegranate and use to soothe stomach upset or diarrhea caused by any kind of digestive problems. Drinking tea made from the leaves of the fruit also helps in curing digestive problems. Pomegranate juice is also used to deal with problems such as dysentery and cholera.

6. Avoid Anemia

Healthy blood flow can be maintained in the body by eating this fruit in any form. Pomegranate supplies of iron in the blood, will help reduce the symptoms of anemia, including fatigue, dizziness, weakness, and hearing loss.

7. Prevent Osteoarthritis

Pomegranate helps reduce diseases of various forms including atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. Damage caused by the thickening and hardening of the arteries, cartilage and joints can be cured by eating this fruit. Pomegranate is able to prevent the formation of enzymes responsible for the connective tissue in the body.

Pomegranate Juice Benefits For Skin

Pomegranate juice, can be the secret ingredient to get healthy skin, here are some of them:

8. Anti-Aging

Diet pomegranate juice may help slow the aging process that will reduce wrinkles and fine lines caused by sun exposure. It also will help maintain the regeneration of skin cells and prevent the occurrence of excessive pigmentation and dark spots.

9. Suitable For All Skin Types

Pomegranate juice can work magic for dry skin. The structure of small molecules will penetrate deep into the skin to provide sufficient moisture and hydration to the skin. Therefore the pomegranate juice will soothe dry and irritated skin. Pomegranate juice is also beneficial for oily prone skin. Application of pomegranate juice on oily skin to prevent acne outbreaks and control sebum production.

10. Help Heal Wounds

Pomegranate helps in the regeneration of skin cells in the epidermis and dermis layers. Pomegranate juice has the ability to accelerate the wound healing process. Even the pomegranate seed oil is loaded with nutrients, skin friendly will be useful for strengthening and regeneration of the epidermis. It also protects the skin from the sun and heal the damage caused to the skin due to sun exposure is continuous.
11. Improve Skin Texture

Pomegranate is also known to extend the life of fibroblasts responsible for the production of collagen which tightens the skin and prevents the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. Collagen will give strength and support to the skin. Pomegranate is also very useful to lighten skin color. Drinking a glass of pomegranate juice every day to make the skin color evenly.

12. Brighten Skin Color

Mix 1 teaspoon of the green papaya, grape seed oil and grape seed extract with 2 teaspoons of pomegranate juice and apply on the face. Let stand for about an hour and Washing with warm water. Use a cotton ball to apply the pomegranate juice directly on the face after cleansing.

Plants recognize Pomegranate

benefit-pomegranate

Pomegranate trees have woody stems, branches faceted, branching many, the weak, spiked in the armpit of the leaves. Brown when young and old with dirty green after high mancapai 2-5 cm. In the pomegranate plant, form a single short-stemmed flowers, exit end of the branch or in the armpit leaves the top and will bloom throughout the year.

How to Eliminate Body Odor

How to Eliminate Body Odor - Most people experience this problem, the body odor. For the majority of people think well how to eliminate body odor. Odor on the body can be caused by many factors. Several factors such as lazy bath. If you're lazy bath is certainly your body odor becomes unpleasant. Next, body odor can also arise if you eat certain foods that contain substances that can cause body odor. Body odor is caused by bacteria that exist on certain body parts.

Bad body odor can be eliminated, with ease. Some tips For those of you who want to practice, you can buy and consume a special herbal medicine to eliminate body odor. Permanently eliminate body odor often been though to be using drugs. The effects of the drug can directly feel. However, if you want results that are safer use natural way. The natural way also keep you from the other side effects that may appear after you take herbal remedies though. The natural way is more healthy and kosher of course.

Some Natural Remedy Body Odor Remover

To eliminate odor from perspiration, it would be nice if you use some natural ingredients are certainly better and without effect smapoing. in addition, a natural substance that we will discuss this you can get at a traditional market with cheap prices. nah, wondering what are the ingredients in question? following the review for you.

1.      Shower 2 times a day

Just as how to eliminate bad breath, body odor the natural way to eliminate the first one is using water. Yep, you just bathe regularly and use perfumed soap. Afterwards, you are guaranteed to body odor disappeared. That is the reason why people are lazy bath becomes malodorous. Conversely, people who diligently smelling though the shower will not wear perfume. Savory smell was caused by the water, the water is an amazing substance.

2.      Betel leaf

Eliminate body odor can then use boiled water betel leaves are drunk. Yes, you can boil the sheets of betel leaves and drank. Its efficacy will be more severe compared to only use it for bathing. You can drink a decoction of betel leaf (water) on a regular basis in the morning and evening for maximum results. If you do not like the taste rancid, you can add honey or sugar water to taste.

3.      Lime

Next, tips eliminate body odor using lime. How to? Take the lemon and cut into several pieces and mix with whiting. Next, apply the lemon juice into your armpit. Do it this way on a regular basis so that the body odor disappeared. Not only in the armpit, you can also apply it to other body parts that cause odor.

4.      Clove

Eliminating the next natural body odor that is by drinking boiled water cloves. Cloves contain substances that are potent eliminate body odor. The trick, boil a few grains cloves until fluffy and mix the fruit with a little sugar. Drink the solution regularly until your body odor is really nothing. You can also use cucumber to remove the bad smell on the body. The trick, cut-cut cucumber and rub into the body part that has a bad odor. Do it regularly.

5.      Basil leave

The next step for eliminating body odor is to use the basil leaves. Basil has a fragrant aroma refreshing. You stay regularly consume basil leaves. You can make it as fresh vegetables as usual. You also can eat it without anything additional. There are some recipes that process the basil dun become gelatinous basil. You will need to try to taste different flavors of basil. How to make jelly basil quite easy. You only need to soften some basil leaves, boil it, then mix it with agar-agar (jelly) which has no flavor (without flavor). You can add sugar to suit your taste. Therefore, it can be used to eliminate body odor and underarm. In addition to eliminating body odor, it could basil tree also for diabetes herbal medicine.

6.      Ginger

Eliminate body odor next, you could also use ginger. Your ginger cut into sections and then rub into body parts such malodorous armpits. Ginger can also be boiled and then drinking boiled water ginger. You can add sugar so sweet. You can drink this ginger herbs regularly so that maximum results. Lastly, kecombrang or kecombrang leaves you can use to rub the body smell. Kecombrang leaf is a leaf pink sour, usually the extra material to make a salad vegetable.

Benefits of Fruit Longan

One type of seasonal fruit is often anticipated presence longan or litchi fruit. The fruit is famous because it tastes sweet and juicy, longan fruit actually enter into the family duku and langsep because they have the size and shape are almost the same. Longan is a fruit that grows clustered together like grapes.
Not only famous for its sweet taste, longan fruit is also famous for nutrient content and benefits.  in longan fruit are the nutritional content in the form of phytochemical compounds, tartik acid, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, potassium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium , manganese, zinc and many more.
Well, after knowing a number of nutrient content contained in longan fruit, next will be described the benefits of longan fruit for health.

10 Benefits of Fruit Longan
1. Helps Cardiac Performance
Longan fruit is found in the number of nutrients that serve to calm the nerves, blood circulation and can reduce cholesterol levels. Thus, the heart becomes more optimal performance.
2. Overcome and Prevent Anemia (Less Blood)
Anemia is a deficiency disease of red blood cells, so it can make the body becomes weak, dizzy and fainting spells. To overcome and prevent anemia can be done by consuming fruits longan.
3. Can Stabilize Body Temperature
Inside there longan fruit contains vitamin C which has the ability to maintain body temperature to keep warm in the winter and serves to boost the immune system, making the body free from bacterial infections, germs and viruses.
4. Calm the Mind
Longan fruit contains anti-depressant has a role to overcome nerve problems because it can relax the body and can improve nerve function, so the body will avoid the problem of insomnia (sleep disturbance).
5. Increase Energy
Longan fruit is also a natural tonic that can increase the energy needed by the body when on the move, so the body does not feel tired even when you're running a strenuous activity though.
6. Overcoming Dehydration
Because it has a fairly high water content, longan fruit can be consumed to quench the thirst of so free in the threat of dehydration.
7. Increase Appetite
The content of nutrients abundant owned by longan fruits have a function to increase appetite, so it can get the body to the ideal body weight for skinny people.
8. Smooth Digestive System
Fiber and water content contained in the longan fruit have the ability to launch the digestive system, so free from the problem of constipation, constipation, hemorrhoids and other digestive disorders.
9. Eliminate Toxic Substances in the Body
The content of the antioxidant and phytochemical compounds owned by longan fruit has the ability to remove toxic substances in the body in the form of sweat, urine and fesses.
10. Maintain Healthy Skin
Longan fruit contained in the content of nutrients such as potassium and vitamin C. Both the nutrient content have the ability to maintain healthy skin, tighten the skin, smoothing the skin, brighten the skin and keep the skin moist.
In addition to delicious and fresh to be consumed directly, longan fruit can also be processed into a variety of delicious food, such as longan juice, pudding longan, longan ice, as ice mix fruit, mix fruit salad, garnish desserts and other sebagainya.Walaupun has the shape and small size, longan fruit turns out to have a myriad of health benefits for the body. This is certainly good news for lovers of fruits, especially for those who are very fond of this longan fruit.
All these benefits can be obtained when consumed in portions wise longan, taste and not excessive. Too much consumption of longan fruit can also give adverse effects to the health of the body, including the throat can cause disorders such as sore throat, cough and voice serek. Therefore, consumption remains within reasonable portion alone

Benefits of Keji Beling For Health

Benefits Keji Beling - There are many types of plants that can be used as herbs for health and treatment of disease. So many, make the most of the people do not understand all the types of herbs and their uses. One is the vile plant shard. Most people do not know about plants nasty shard, but this plant usually grows wild in perkarangan home and empty fields.

Java community calls nasty shard with getih sambang name. In general, this plant is widely used as a cure dysentery. For those readers who do not know the nasty shard, on this occasion will also be given a little information about the characteristics of plants nasty shard.

This plant has a distinctive leaf shape, leaf green upper part and the lower part has a purple color, including the bones of the leaves.
Nasty shard has a long petiole, having faced feathers at the base.
Plants have a nasty shard lying wet stems that have a height of about ¼ meters,
Nasty shard plant flowers are small, yellow-white.
Part of the plant used to make traditional medicine is the leaves. This is because in the leaves nasty rivet there are substances that are useful for treating various kinds of diseases. To be more clear, know the benefits nasty shard to health and treatment according to what is dianalisir of khasiatmanfaatsehat.blogspot.co.id source. As for this are as follows:

6 Benefits  of Keji Beling

• Preventing and Overcoming Cancer

Plants nasty shard, especially in the leaves have toxic to the cancer cells, so it can be used to treat cancer cells without damaging healthy cells. In addition, it also has antioxidant properties can be used to avoid the risk of free radical.

• Curing Disease Gallstones

Gallstone disease is a type of serious illness and should be addressed immediately. Gallstone disease can also be cured by consuming the concoction nasty shard. Make a decoction of the leaves nasty shard easy to do, take leaves nasty shard as much as 5-6 pieces, wash the leaves thoroughly and then boil use 2 cups of water until the remaining half, strain and drink the potion when cold.

• treating Diarrhea

Diarrhea or bowel condition irregularly is a disease caused by indigestion, colds or eating too much spicy food. To handle it, can be done by taking the herb leaves nasty shard. Take 3-5 leaves nasty shard that has been washed clean, boil the leaves by using 2 cups of water until the remaining 1 cup, let stand and strain to drink when they are cold.

• Treating Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes)

Diabetes is a serious disease type, the disease can be cured by eating leaves nasty shard regularly. The trick is to take four leaves nasty shard that had been cleaned, and then eat it directly. In order not so pronounced, consume the leaves as vegetables.

• Relieves Stomach Pain

Although heartburn mild disease included in the group, but still may not be disepelehkan. Gastric ulcer disease will cause pain and tenderness, to ease it can be done by eating three leaves nasty shard that had been cleaned as vegetables.

• Treating Itching Due Ulat Bulu

Silkworm is an animal that has fine hairs that give effect to itch when exposed to the skin surface. The intense itching is very annoying and can cause red bumps. This can be overcome by rubbing leaves nasty shard on the affected skin.
Despite the nasty shard is a plant that can be used as a traditional medicine, but selingilah through constant medical treatment and even more so want to overcome a serious illness. To get the maximum treatment, first make sure that does not choose the wrong type of plant and sure to use only the leaves nasty shard in a fresh state